What should a nurse monitor as a potential complication in patients with diabetes?

• A. Bradycardia and low blood pressure
• B. Hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
• C. Weight gain and exercise intolerance
• D. Excessive hydration and swelling

Answer: (B)

In patients with diabetes, monitoring for hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia is crucial due to the potential severe impacts these conditions can have on health. Hyperglycemia, or high blood sugar, occurs when there is an inadequate amount of insulin or when the body cannot use insulin effectively, leading to symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, and fatigue. If left untreated, it can progress to diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS), both of which are serious medical emergencies.

On the other hand, hypoglycemia, or low blood sugar, can result from factors such as taking too much insulin, skipping meals, or excessive physical activity. Symptoms can include sweating, shaking, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. Recognizing and managing both conditions is critical for preventing complications and ensuring that patients with diabetes maintain blood sugar levels within a target range.

The other options present different health issues but do not specifically relate to common diabetes complications that require close monitoring.